The Effect of Annealing on The Structural and Optical Properties of The Bismuth (III) Iodide (Bii3) Thin Film Prepared by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation in Order to Lead Free-Perovskite Solar Cells Fabrication

Mohammad Ismail Ihsas; Faiqa Rasooli

doi:10.55544/jrasb.3.4.21

Authors

Mohammad Ismail Ihsas Assistant Professor, Member of The Scientific Staff, Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Balkh University, AFGHANISTAN.
Faiqa Rasooli Associate Professor, Member of The Scientific Staff, Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Balkh University, AFGHANISTAN.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.4.21

Keywords:

Annealing, Bismuth triiodide, band-gap energy, Perovskite solar cell, Urbach Energy

Abstract

In this study, effect of annealing temperatures in room, 100 and 200 C⁰ on the structural and optical properties of Bismuth (III) iodide (BiI₃) thin films is investigated. The deposition process of the specimens was done by physical vapor deposition method on FTO substrate. The samples were prepared at 200 nm thickness. The structural properties, and optical absorption spectra of samples were measured by XRD and UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The Urbach energy and band gap of the samples were obtained by absorption spectrum fitting Tuac methods. The results showed that by increasing the annealing temperature up to 100 C⁰, the crystallinity of samples increased, the band gap and Urbach energy decreased about 1.60 and 0.17 eV, respectively. The results show that by increasing the annealing temperature up to to 200 C⁰, the band gap and Urbach energy increase. Studies on the structural and optical properties of thin films, show that BiI₃ can be used as an active layer in lead-free perovskite solar cells.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Q. Zhang, F. Hao, J. Li, Y. Zhou, Y. Wei, and H. Lin, "Perovskite solar cells: must lead be replaced–and can it be done?," Science and Technology of advanced MaTerialS, vol. 19, pp. 425-442, 2018.

M. Ikram, R. Malik, R. Raees, M. Imran, F. Wang, S. Ali, et al., "Recent advancements and future insight of lead-free non-toxic perovskite solar cells for sustainable and clean energy production: A review," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 53, p. 102433, 2022.

Y. Wang, X. Shi, G. Wang, J. Tong, and D. Pan, "All-inorganic and lead-free BiI 3 thin film solar cells by iodization of BiSI thin films," Journal of Materials Chemistry C, vol. 8, pp. 14066-14074, 2020.

A. Patterson, "The Scherrer formula for X-ray particle size determination," Physical review, vol. 56, p. 978, 1939.

J. Jean, T. S. Mahony, D. Bozyigit, M. Sponseller, J. Holovský, M. G. Bawendi, et al., "Radiative efficiency limit with band tailing exceeds 30% for quantum dot solar cells," ACS Energy Letters, vol. 2, pp. 2616-2624, 2017.

Bisquert, J., Cahen, D., Hodes, G., Rühle, S., & Zaban, A. (2018). Physical chemical principles of photovoltaic conversion with nanoparticulate, mesoporous dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 108(24), 8106-8118.

Kim, H. S., Mora-Sero, I., Gonzalez-Pedro, V., Fabregat-Santiago, F., Juarez-Perez, E. J., Park, N. G., & Bisquert, J. (2019). Mechanism of carrier accumulation in perovskite thin-absorber solar cells. Nature Communications, 5(1), 1-8.

Savenije, T. J., Zhang, C., & Liu, W. (2014). Charge carrier dynamics in organic–inorganic lead iodide perovskites. Advanced Materials, 26(8), 2523-2527.