Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology

An IoT Application in a Smart Traffic Management System

Shailesh Shivajirao Bhise — 2025-02-14

Rapid urban development combined with rising vehicle numbers has caused intense traffic delays together with problems in transportation systems. The rise of serious traffic problems has created an urgent requirement to develop ground-breaking technology-based solutions. The implementation of IoT technology in smart traffic management systems proves to be an effective solution against these concerns through its smart traffic observing and modifying capabilities. IoT operates by collecting live data through advanced communication systems alongside predictive modeling to optimize transportation patterns and cut down delays and boost security levels on roads. The review paper examines different IoT-based smart traffic management solutions through analyses of available research documents. The document presents information about IoT architectures together with explanations of communication protocols along with data analytic principles and information regarding actual IoT implementations. Moreover the paper discusses the security threats along with scalability and infrastructure expenditure obstacles while it offers future research guidelines. This research focuses on discussing the present condition of IoT-based traffic management while providing recommendations for developing future progress.

Study of Structural and Electronic Properties of Rutile Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Using Density Functional Theory (DFT)

Basima Farzam — 2025-02-11

The study aims to investgate the structural and electronic properties of Rutile TiO₂due to its wide range of applications, and is a promising material for the mass market for low-cost, high-efficiency and optic-electronic devices because of its outstanding properties, inherent n-type conductivity, low toxicity, and availability[1]. All these modern applications call for better understanding of its properties, but there is a lake of investgation on the structural, elacronic and elastic properties of R-TiO₂ using LDA exchange-correlation function[2]. In this project, band structure, the density of state, and structural optimizations of rutile titanium dioxide were studied and analysed using the Quantum-Esprssso package and LDA exchange-correlation function[3], [4]. By performing this calculation, the estimated lattice parameter 'a' for rutile titanium dioxide using LDA method is 4.5653Aͦ and 'c' is 3.1422 Å, which are relatively close to experimental results which are 4.593 Aͦ and 2.9 Å. Also, According to the results, rutile titanium dixoide(R-TiO₂) has a direct band gap semiconducting property with an energy gap of 1.50eV using LDA exchange correlation function.

Assessment of the Impact of Marble Waste on Ground Water Quality Parameters

Hanumant Singh — 2025-02-10

Marble waste, a byproduct of extensive mining and processing activities, poses significant environmental challenges, particularly concerning groundwater contamination. This study assesses the impact of marble waste on groundwater quality parameters in areas with significant marble processing activities. Groundwater samples were collected from various sites, including those near marble waste disposal areas and control sites, and analyzed for key physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium). The results revealed substantial deviations in groundwater quality in areas near marble waste disposal sites compared to control locations. Elevated pH levels, high TDS, and increased turbidity were observed, alongside heavy metal concentrations that exceeded permissible limits set by international standards. Seasonal analysis indicated contamination peaks during the dry season due to reduced dilution capacity. Correlation analysis highlighted strong relationships between turbidity and heavy metal concentrations, suggesting that particulate matter facilitates the transport of contaminants. This study underscores the urgent need for sustainable waste management practices to mitigate the environmental impacts of marble waste. Recommendations include recycling marble waste, implementing advanced waste treatment technologies, and enforcing stricter regulatory measures. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers and stakeholders, emphasizing the importance of preserving groundwater quality for environmental sustainability and public health.

Review on Diagnosis, Treatment and Medication for Dysmenorrhea for Young to Old Age Women

Ketuvinuo Sothu — 2025-02-03

Dysmenorrhea, commonly known as menstrual pain, is a prevalent condition affecting a significant portion of women during their reproductive years. It is typically categorized into two types: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea is characterized by menstrual pain in the absence of underlying gynecological disorders, while secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by identifiable conditions such as endometriosis or fibroids. The pathophysiology of dysmenorrhea involves complex interactions between hormonal, inflammatory, and neurological factors, with prostaglandin production being a key contributor to uterine contractions and pain. The severity of symptoms can range from mild discomfort to debilitating pain, significantly impacting daily activities, quality of life, and mental health. Treatment options include pharmacological interventions such as NSAIDs, hormonal therapies, and non-pharmacological approaches like physical therapy, acupuncture, and lifestyle modifications. However, management strategies often depend on the underlying cause, particularly in secondary dysmenorrhea. Despite the high prevalence, many women do not seek medical help, which highlights the need for increased awareness and better access to care. This review explores the current understanding of dysmenorrhea’s etiology, diagnostic approach, and various treatment modalities, aiming to provide an overview of the condition and suggest areas for future research and improvement in patient care.

A Comprehensive Review on Omeprazole: Pharmacological Effects and Its Adverse Effects

Amit Kumar — 2025-02-03

Omeprazole, a widely used proton pump inhibitor (PPI), has become a cornerstone in the treatment of various acid-related gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. By inhibiting the proton pump in parietal cells, omeprazole effectively reduces gastric acid secretion, thereby promoting healing and alleviating symptoms associated with hyperacidity. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses, and potential adverse effects of omeprazole. The drug’s mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications in both acute and chronic conditions are discussed in detail. Additionally, attention is given to the adverse effects associated with its prolonged use, including but not limited to gastrointestinal disturbances, nutrient deficiencies, renal complications, and an increased risk of infections. The balance between its therapeutic benefits and associated risks is explored, with a focus on the clinical decision-making process in prescribing omeprazole. The review also highlights the potential for drug interactions, particularly with medications that alter gastric pH or are metabolized via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Overall, while omeprazole remains a highly effective therapeutic agent, its adverse effects necessitate careful consideration, particularly in long-term use or in vulnerable patient populations.

Acyclovir Cream: A Compressive Review of Development, Characterization and Therapeutic Efficacy

Dheeraj Kumar — 2025-02-03

Acyclovir cream is a widely utilized topical antiviral agent for the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, including cold sores and genital herpes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the development, formulation, characterization, and therapeutic efficacy of acyclovir cream. The evolution of acyclovir formulations, from oral to topical applications, is discussed, highlighting advancements in drug delivery systems to enhance bioavailability and skin penetration. Key factors influencing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of acyclovir cream are reviewed, including the role of excipients, the mechanism of action, and the influence of formulation characteristics such as viscosity, pH, and stability. Furthermore, therapeutic outcomes from clinical studies are summarized, demonstrating the efficacy of acyclovir cream in reducing lesion size, pain, and healing time in HSV-infected patients. Finally, challenges such as patient adherence, resistance, and the need for further improvements in formulation for enhanced therapeutic effect are addressed. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the current status and future directions for acyclovir cream as a primary treatment for localized HSV infections.

Role of Biotechnology in Combating Antibiotic Resistance

Deepak Panwar — 2024-12-31

Antibiotic resistance (AR) has emerged as one of the most pressing global health threats of the 21st century. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics have accelerated the emergence of resistant bacterial strains, rendering conventional treatments less effective. In this context, biotechnology has a crucial role to play in combating antibiotic resistance by enabling the development of new antibiotics, alternative therapies, diagnostic tools, and strategies for better stewardship of existing antibiotics. This paper explores the role of biotechnology in addressing antibiotic resistance, focusing on the innovative approaches such as the discovery of novel antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophage therapy, CRISPR-based technologies, and biosensors. Additionally, we discuss the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and the challenges faced in implementing these solutions at a global scale.

The Role of Biomechanics in Enhancing Athletic Performance

Renu Tomar — 2022-01-31

Biomechanics plays a pivotal role in enhancing athletic performance by analyzing and optimizing the mechanical aspects of human movement. This interdisciplinary field combines principles of physics, physiology, and engineering to assess how athletes move, generate force, and interact with their environment. Through biomechanical analysis, athletes and coaches can identify inefficiencies, prevent injuries, and improve technique, ultimately leading to superior performance. Key areas of focus include optimizing posture, movement patterns, joint angles, force production, and the application of external tools or equipment. Advances in motion capture technology, wearable sensors, and computer modeling have allowed for more precise assessments and individualized interventions. This paper explores how biomechanics contributes to maximizing athletic potential across various sports, discusses the role of biomechanics in injury prevention, and highlights emerging trends such as the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in sports science. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of biomechanics can provide athletes with the tools needed to push the boundaries of human performance while minimizing the risk of injury.

Recent Advances in Targeted Therapies for Cancer Treatment

Kartik Sitaram Bharad — 2025-01-20

Recent advances in understanding the birth mechanisms underpinning cancer development have driven the design of new remedial approaches, nominated ‘targeted curatives’, that widely intrude with motes or pathways involved in excrescence growth and progression. Inactivation of growth factors and their receptors on excrescence cells as well as the inhibition of oncogenic tyrosine kinase pathways and the inhibition of motes that control specific functions in cancer cells constitute the main rational bases of new cancer treatments acclimatized for individual cases. Small-patch impediments and monoclonal antibodies are major factors of these targeted approaches for a number of mortal malice. As the studies of the biomolecular features of cancer progress, new instigative strategies have arisen, similar as targeting cancer stem cells that drive excrescence relapses or the picky induction of apoptosis in nasty cells. This composition primarily focuses on the birth bases of the new cancer medicines and summarizes their mechanisms of action, the clinical substantiation of their anti-cancer effectiveness as well as the explanation for their use in clinical practice.

The Effect of Annealing on The Structural and Optical Properties of The Bismuth (III) Iodide (Bii3) Thin Film Prepared by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation in Order to Lead Free-Perovskite Solar Cells Fabrication

Mohammad Ismail Ihsas — 2024-08-31

In this study, effect of annealing temperatures in room, 100 and 200 C⁰ on the structural and optical properties of Bismuth (III) iodide (BiI₃) thin films is investigated. The deposition process of the specimens was done by physical vapor deposition method on FTO substrate. The samples were prepared at 200 nm thickness. The structural properties, and optical absorption spectra of samples were measured by XRD and UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The Urbach energy and band gap of the samples were obtained by absorption spectrum fitting Tuac methods. The results showed that by increasing the annealing temperature up to 100 C⁰, the crystallinity of samples increased, the band gap and Urbach energy decreased about 1.60 and 0.17 eV, respectively. The results show that by increasing the annealing temperature up to to 200 C⁰, the band gap and Urbach energy increase. Studies on the structural and optical properties of thin films, show that BiI₃ can be used as an active layer in lead-free perovskite solar cells.

A Study on Pressure Loss for Incompressible Fluid Flow Through a Tube in the Presence of Magnetic Field

Mahesh Chandra — 2024-12-31

The Present Paper deals with the pressure loss due to presence of magnetic field in a fluid flow through a tube. Magnetic field equations are derived with the help of standard equations of flow. The pressure loss is obtained by the projecting the linear grid lines in fully development regions to the upstream and down stream limits. It was the observed that pressure drop is proportional to the square of Magnetic field angle. Also the pressure drop is proportional to the flow rate. Transverse magnetic field change the axial velocity profile from parabolic to relatively flat shape.

Indisposition and Homoeopathy

Sanskriti Mishra — 2024-12-31

Indisposition is a health issue caused by outside influences that can be readily addressed by removing the causing source.

Eg: Business failure, Overeating, Lack of sleep, Abuse of substances etc are the external causes due to which indisposition occurs.

If man's stomach has been upset by his bad habits, it will return to normal once he stops abusing it; as long as he leads a normal life, he won't experience this indisposition.

“If a strong-smelling flower that causes syncope and hysterical suffering is removed, it will correct indisposition. Removing it will fix the indisposition that causes sensitive, anxious girls to swoon from the flower’s scent.”

There are people who cannot live in the ordinary atmosphere; so they need to change their environment, goes to the mountains, some to warm lands, some to cold lands and by removing the occasioning cause, the apparent aggravating cause of suffering will correct the symptoms.

The Impact of Government Efficiency on Entrepreneurship Development: The Mediating Role of Transparency, Accountability and Corruption Control

Mohammad Kazim Ameri — 2025-01-20

This study investigates the impact of government efficiency on entrepreneurship development, with a particular focus on the mediating roles of transparency, accountability, and corruption control in Afghanistan. The primary objective is to elucidate how government efficiency can enhance entrepreneurial opportunities while simultaneously introducing unintended bureaucratic challenges that affect the overall entrepreneurial landscape.

Utilizing a quantitative approach, this research analyzes secondary data, encompassing key indicators related to government efficiency, corruption control, transparency, accountability, and entrepreneurship. The findings indicate that while improved government efficiency positively influences entrepreneurial opportunities, it also brings forth bureaucratic complexities that can hinder the entrepreneurial environment, particularly for women entrepreneurs.

This research underscores the necessity for effective governance that not only mitigates corruption but also simplifies regulatory frameworks for all entrepreneurs. By emphasizing mechanisms of transparency and accountability, policymakers can foster a supportive environment for entrepreneurship. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to a more inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem that promotes sustainable economic growth in Afghanistan, focusing on the broader conditions that encourage innovation and growth rather than imposing stringent regulations.

Review Article: Aloe vera, Centella Asiatica, and Calendula

Humais Aziz Khan — 2024-12-30

Three commonly used medicinal plants—Calendula offinalis, Centella Asiatica, and Aloe vera—are thoroughly reviewed in this article. The medicinal qualities of each of these plants have been well researched and have a long history in traditional medicine. Their pharmacological effects, active ingredients, botanical traits, and possible medical and cosmetic uses are outlined in the review. Aloe vera is a succulent perennial herb that is a member of the Asphodelaceae family and can withstand drought. Because of its ability to cure wounds and burns, it is also known as the silent healer or the healing plant. For millennia, people have utilized aloe vera for its medicinal, skin-care, cosmetic, and health benefits. It is also a common ingredient in many commercial products. Centella asiatica, commonly referred to as gotu kola, is a traditional herb that is prized for its ability to promote wound healing and skin health. Recent studies have shed additional light on its effectiveness, especially when applied topically. Calendula officinalis is a fragrant perennial herbaceous plant that has a limited lifespan. Calendula officinalis has also been shown in scientific studies to increase the activity of wound healing. Although the exact mechanism is still unknown, it was thought that the herb would improve blood flow to the wound site, delivering oxygen and nutrients required for tissue repair.

Recent Treatment for Management of Inflammatory Bowl Disease

Jyoti Jha — 2024-12-28

Due to the development of biologics and small molecule medicines (SMDs), there has been a substantial shift in the approach that is taken to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This shift has been brought about by the introduction of these treatments. It is important to note that these treatments will not be effective to each and every patient, and it is quite likely that a "ceiling effect" will take place when biologic monotherapy is delivered. Taking into consideration this predicament, it is evident that there is a requirement that has not yet been fulfilled for the purpose of maximising the utilisation of biologics and being able to anticipate therapeutic responses. For the purpose of treating patients who are experiencing either an initial lack of response or a subsequent loss of response to traditional biologics and SMDs, there is an urgent requirement for the development of novel medications that have innovative action mechanisms. It has been suggested that a unique method might be utilised in order to improve the efficacy of treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This is due to the fact that the combination of several biologics or SMDs has the capability to reduce inflammation in a variety of different ways. According to the evidence that is currently available for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), individuals who have refractory IBD and who have not responded to several biologic treatments or who have extraintestinal symptoms may benefit from dual targeted therapy. Equally as crucial is the identification of the proportion of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who are responding favourably to biological combination therapy in order to maintain remission of the condition. The objective of this review is to present a synopsis of the newly developed biologics and SMDs, as well as the current state of bio-logics and SMDs. This is done with the intention of highlighting the progress that has been achieved towards the development of personalised treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Oral Gel Containing Extract of Psidium guajava Leaves for Mouth Ulcer

Piyush Raj — 2024-12-28

Mouth ulcers are a common oral condition causing discomfort and pain, often interfering with daily activities like eating and speaking. Conventional treatments, such as synthetic gels and medications, can sometimes result in side effects or high costs, which has led to growing interest in natural and herbal alternatives. Herbal formulations are known for their safety, affordability, and effectiveness.

Psidium guajava (guava) leaves have been widely recognized in traditional medicine for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenols, guava leaves offer promising potential for the treatment of mouth ulcers. In this study, an herbal oral gel was prepared using guava leaf extract as the active ingredient. The gel was formulated with excipients like carbopol for gelling, glycerin as a humectant, and triethanolamine to adjust pH.

Evaluation of the gel focused on parameters such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, and stability. Additionally, antimicrobial activity was tested against oral pathogens, and wound-healing properties were assessed to determine the gel’s effectiveness. Results indicated that the herbal oral gel had suitable physical properties, stable formulation, significant antimicrobial activity, and accelerated wound-healing effects.

In conclusion, the guava leaf-based herbal gel offers an effective, safe, and affordable alternative for managing mouth ulcers, with the potential to replace synthetic treatments. Further clinical studies could confirm its efficacy and facilitate its large-scale production for broader use.

Review on Tradescantia spathacea (Medicinal Plant)

Shivam Kushwaha — 2024-12-28

Tradescantia spathacea, often known as Moses-in-the-Cradle, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Commelinaceae family. This species is native to Central America and the Caribbean, and it has grown in favour as an ornamental plant due to its vivid leaf and low maintenance requirements. Aside from its visual attractiveness, T. spathacea has received interest for its medicinal effects and environmental adaptation. This review brings together current studies on its phytochemistry, therapeutic potential, and environmental significance. Key phytochemical ingredients, including flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds, are highlighted for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant's involvement in environmental clean-up, notably heavy metal pollution reduction, is also mentioned. Despite its adaptability, issues such as invasiveness and habitat-specific growth requirements necessitate additional investigation. This review is to provide a thorough overview of Tradescantia spathacea, linking its decorative, medicinal, and ecological roles while recommending opportunities for future research and use. T. spathacea is extremely resilient to stress situations, such as poor soils and urban pollution, making it an important component in green infrastructure and phytoremediation programs. Its ability to gather heavy metals and enhance soil quality has been investigated as a possible tool for environmental management. However, its quick spread and adaptability have created worries about its invasive tendencies in some areas, necessitating a cautious approach to cultivation and use.

Review on Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Marketed Product of Alovera Extract

Gulshan Mehta — 2024-12-28

Aloe vera has historically been utilised for the treatment of skin injuries (such as burns, cuts, insect bites, and dermatitis) and digestive issues due to its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wound-healing attributes. The research on this medicinal plant focusses on substantiating traditional applications and elucidating the mechanism of action, as well as identifying the chemicals responsible for these effects. Similarly, novel effects have been explored for Aloe vera and its active constituents, particularly emphasising its potential as a cytotoxic, antitumoural, anticancer, and antidiabetic drug. Over the past six years, the majority of pharmacological research has comprised in vitro and in vivo trials. In vitro research predominantly focus on antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antitumor, anticancer, and skin protective effects. It is particularly important to highlight that various in vitro studies assess the preventive effects of Aloe vera in bone disorders, including osteoporosis. The findings on bone protection are encouraging; however, it is essential to do further studies with experimental animals and humans. In vivo studies are designed to assess cardioprotective effects, cytotoxicity, antitumor and anticancer activities, as well as skin protection efficacy. Clinical trials are constrained in comparison to in vitro and in vivo testing, concentrating mostly on digestive and dermal protective effects. Furthermore, these clinical trials have solely utilised Aloe vera, excluding its isolated components; hence, it would be pertinent to investigate the therapeutic effects of significant metabolites across various human diseases and illnesses. Research over the past six years has concentrated on the principal active compounds: aloe-emodin, aloin, aloesin, amodin, and acemannan. Aloe-emodin and aloin have been the most extensively researched among these compounds. Aloe-emodin has emerged as a potential drug with antibacterial, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, cardioprotective, and bone protective properties in in vitro investigations, as well as anti-inflammatory and skin protective effects in in vivo research. Aloin shown efficacy in inflammatory processes and bone illnesses (in vitro studies) as well as in cancer and cardiovascular diseases (in vivo studies). The encouraging outcomes of fundamental research promote an increased number of clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic application of Aloe vera and its primary constituents, especially regarding bone protection, cancer, and diabetes.

Solving Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations Using the Monte Carlo Method

Mohammad Asghar Anwari — 2024-12-28

Mathematics is a vast science that has developed in different parts according to human needs and at different times to solve human problems since its inception. The branches of mathematics can be considered as an independent field due to their complexity. Numerical calculations or numerical analysis, in turn, can be found in different parts due to the calculations of equations that do not have real solutions. It can find their numerical solutions.

Numerical analysis can be used in various areas such as power calculations, logarithms, limit calculations, numerical derivatives of functions, numerical integrals, etc. mathematical calculations. In this regard, mathematicians have conducted research in various areas and after a period of time have reached a solution to the problem at hand and have left a mark in the form of various relations, formulas, and theorems, each of which has created convenience for the reader. One of these methods that can easily solve equations is solving a system of linear equations using the Monte Carlo method. Basically, this method, with its complexity, considering probabilistic calculations and obtaining the prices of a system and using mathematical hope, can easily solve a system of linear algebraic equations.

Investigating the Relationship between Attitudes Towards Menopause and Sexual Function in Menopausal Women in War-Torn Afghanistan

Pohoranwal Doctor Abdul Hakim (Hekmati) — 2024-12-27

Introduction: Menopause is one of the natural periods of women's life that due to the completion of a woman's egg, ovulation will no longer occur and as a result, menstruation will stop forever and they will no longer be able to have children Menopause usually begins between the ages of 49 and 52. But it can happen at any age. At this time, the ovaries secrete less female hormones, especially estrogen, and cause menopausal symptoms. Menstruation first becomes irregular and then stops altogether. Women who do not menstruate for a year are considered menopausal 35% of postmenopausal women are reported to suffer from decreased libido. Also in the United Kingdom, Ireland, France and Germany, 47%, 54%, 42% and 24% of postmenopausal women have reported decreased sexual activity. According to our study, 550% of postmenopausal women in Afghanistan suffer from decreased sexual desire.

A long-running Melbourne-based population-based study reported a significant decrease in libido, arousal, orgasm, and sexual activity, and a significant increase in vaginal dryness / painful intercourse throughout menopause. The health values and beliefs of a society affect the perception of sexual desire during menopause and the will of individuals as well as the need for their treatment.

After menopause, sexual desire decreases somewhat. On the other hand, due to the reduction of female secretions, vaginal dryness occurs and sometimes causes pain and discomfort during intercourse, and this issue can affect marital relations.

Research findings; A total of 200 postmenopausal women aged 45-58 years were studied in this study. The mean age of these women was 7.93 ± 57.18 years. The highest age distribution was in the range of 51 to 55 years (53.7%). The mean duration of menopause was 7.00 ± 7.00 years. 176 (89%) were housewives and 167 (83.5%) had less than a diploma.

Conclusion: Although no relationship was observed between sexual function and attitudes toward menopause, a large number of postmenopausal women still had a negative attitude towards this phenomenon, which was also impaired in terms of sexual function.

Development of High Strength Concrete for Structural Application in Asia

Abdul Qadir Arjumand — 2024-12-27

Due to its improved mechanical qualities and ability to reduce the size of structural parts, high-strength concrete (H.S.C.) has attracted much interest in structural engineering. This study article examines how high-strength concrete may be used in structural applications developed in Asia. The study's main objectives are to improve the mix design, add the appropriate admixtures, and evaluate the mechanical characteristics and durability of the resultant high-strength concrete. The development of High Strength Concrete (H.S.C.) material components for structural applications in Asia has been the subject of substantial research by several scholars. The findings of this study show that high-strength concrete breakthroughs and ground-breaking architectural icons have been built in Asia. For high-strength concrete to be used successfully and securely over the long term, proper mix design, quality control, and building techniques are essential.

Review on Allopurinol in the Treatment of Gout

Aryan — 2024-12-27

Gout and pain are synonymous, and a study in this issue of the BJP reports a novel anti-nociceptive effect of allopurinol, the drug most commonly used to treat gout. Allopurinol works by inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO), the enzyme responsible for converting hypoxanthine to uric acid which is deposited as crystals in the joints of gout sufferers. Hypoxanthine is a metabolite of, and a possible precursor to, adenosine. find that acute inhibition of XO with allopurinol produces a modest adenosine A₁ receptor-mediated anti-nociceptive effect in common tests of chemical and thermal nociception in mice. A concomitant increase in cerebrospinal fluid levels of adenosine supports their hypothesis that inhibiting XO increases adenosine levels via salvage from hypoxanthine. Elevating endogenous adenosine levels by inhibiting metabolism is a well-established strategy for producing anti-nociception in many preclinical models, but inhibiting XO is likely to be particularly beneficial in some chronic pain states because of the pro-nociceptive reactive oxygen species that are produced by XO activity. Thus, allopurinol may have unexpected benefits in pain associated with chronic inflammation, diabetes and vascular dysfunction.

Current Prospective of Hypertension Disease and their Future Aspects in Different Stage of Female Health

Vishal Dixit — 2024-12-27

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality in women. Due to age and worsening of risk factors over the menopausal transition, risk of coronary heart disease events increases in postmenopausal women with diabetes. Randomized studies have conflicted regarding the beneficial impact of estrogen therapy upon intermediate cardiovascular disease markers and events. Therefore, estrogen therapy is not currently recommended for indications other than symptom management. However, for women at low risk of adverse events, estrogen therapy can be used to minimize menopausal symptoms. The risk of adverse events can be estimated using risk engines for the calculation of cardiovascular risk and breast cancer risk in conjunction with screening tools such as mammography. Use of estrogen therapy, statins, and anti-platelet agents can be guided by such calculators particularly for younger women with diabetes. Risk management remains focused upon lifestyle behaviors and achieving optimal levels of cardiovascular risk factors, including lipids, glucose, and blood pressure. Use of pharmacologic therapies to address these risk factors, particularly specific hypoglycemic agents, may provide some additional benefit for risk prevention. The minimal benefit for women with limited life expectancy and risk of complications with intensive therapy should also be considered.

Mechanisms of PFAS Degradation in Thermal Destruction Processes

Saikumar Chalivendra — 2023-06-30

Through this research, information on methods of PFAS degradation through thermal destruction processes and analysis of the efficiency of degradation by temperature and conditions in the atmosphere is provided. These experiments were carried out at different temperatures from 400°C to 1,200°C under both reducing and oxidizing setter gases. The findings suggest that temperature plays a big role in rates of degradation with oxidative conditions promoting destruction of PFAS. The results obtained showed that at temperatures of 900°C and above degradation efficiency was over 90% as well as low content of toxic compounds. The developed study suggests that oxidative thermal destruction at high temperatures can be a viable technique for the degradation of PFASs, but heat energy consumption and formation of by-products should be well controlled.

Synergistic Fusion: Enhancing Herbal Potency with Phytosome Technology

Deepshikha Jamloki — 2024-12-21

This review explores the innovative integration of Phytosome technology to augment the effectiveness of herbal compounds. Phytosomes are specialized delivery systems that enhance the bioavailability and absorption of herbal extracts by forming molecular complexes with phospholipids. The review highlights the pivotal role of Phytosomes in improving the solubility and permeability of herbal constituents, thereby facilitating their absorption into the bloodstream. By encapsulating herbal molecules within phospholipid layers, Phytosomes shield them from degradation and metabolic processes, prolonging their presence in the body and enhancing their pharmacological activity. Furthermore, the review underscores the versatility of phytosome technology in enhancing the efficacy of various herbal extracts ranging from traditional remedies to modern herbal supplements. Through case studies and empirical evidence, the paper illustrates how the synergistic fusion of phytosomes with herbal compounds leads to superior therapeutic outcomes compared to conventional formulations.

Moreover, the review discusses the potential applications of synergistic fusion in diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. It emphasizes the significance of this approach in addressing challenges related to poor bioavilability and inconsistent efficacy encountered with conventional herbal preparations. A comprehensive overview of the synergistic potential of combining phytosome technology with herbal extracts. It elucidates the mechanisms underlying enhanced bioavailability and efficacy, paving the way for the development of novel herbal formulations with optimized therapeutic benefits.

Review on Ketoprofen (Anti-Inflammatory Drug)

Bhupendra Kumar — 2024-12-21

Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely utilized for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. This review article examines ketoprofen's pharmacological profile, efficacy, and therapeutic applications, particularly in the management of acute and chronic pain, including dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Ketoprofen exerts its effect by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, COX-1 and COX- 2, reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins responsible for pain and inflammation. Various formulations of ketoprofen are available, including oral tablets, topical gels, suppositories, and injectables, each tailored to specific clinical needs and patient preferences. Recent advancements in topical and extended-release formulations have improved patient adherence and minimized gastrointestinal side effects traditionally associated with NSAIDs. However, ketoprofen remains contraindicated in patients with certain cardiovascular, renal, and gastrointestinal conditions, underscoring the need for careful patient selection and dosage adjustment. This review highlights ketoprofen's clinical efficacy, safety profile, and evolving therapeutic applications, providing insight into its role within the broader scope of pain management strategies.

Review on Medicinal Herbs in the Treatment of Gout

Munna Kumar — 2024-12-21

Joint urate crystals are the hallmark of the inflammatory condition known as gout. Acute gout is characterised by the abrupt development of swelling and pain that begins in the greater toe. This condition is linked to high levels of uric acid in the blood, which can occur when the kidneys do not excrete enough of the acid or when the body produces too much uric acid. Allopurinol, which inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase and hence lowers blood uric acid levels, is the mainstay of conventional gout treatment in contemporary medicine. Pain and inflammation can be managed with the help of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It has also been seen that non-pharmacological approaches, such as dietary improvements, can improve patients' situations. Many people believe that herbal treatments are safer and more effective than conventional pharmaceuticals, especially when it comes to patient adherence and the potential for adverse effects. Celery and parsley, when used together, have demonstrated effects comparable to those of allopurinol. This article's goal is to provide a summary of allopurinol's herbal substitutes.

Varieties and Physical Characteristics of Indigenous Cattle Breeds in Somalia: A Literature Review

Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi - Soojeede — 2024-12-21

The aim of this review was to find out the indigenous Somali cattle breeds in Mogadishu, Somalia and also what is the physical difference between them and what do other scholar wrote about them, this breeds have some unique characteristics and they have one thing in common which is important for pastoralist communities because pastoralists depend on these animals for their livelihood. This study found different types of indigenous breeds including Dawara, Surqo, Gassara, Saywal and Somali Boran those were originated in local community as well as other breeder were hybrid but all of them were resilient and sustainable for local pastoralists. The Somali cattle breeds occupy specific niches in terms of environment and diseases.

They have cultural importance with milk and meat; and play roles in local economies supporting their livelihoods. The Boran breed, said to have originated from the Boran clan in south Ethiopia, is exposed to high temperatures and infectious diseases. They are not only good for meat but also produce substantial amounts of milk. The Gassara breed is smaller than other breeds and has been described as being less productive but able to survive under harsh conditions because they easily adapt and store fat – valuable features during droughts when pastures disappear. Similarly, the Dawara breed plays an important role among some pastoral Somali communities and remains culturally valued by them even though its milk yields have been recorded as being lower than those of other breeds. Saywal cattle is a local variety of the Sahiwal which is both a milk and meat producing breed that originated in India as evidenced by the history of trade activities on the livestock heritages in the region.

The Surqo breed of cattle is a cross-breed between boran and dawara breeds hence their contribution to food security in certain regions of Somalia. Cattle hybrids, on the other hand, introduced in with the help of the Somali government through overseas artificial insemination have higher milk production but take time to adapt with the environment. Therefore, the protection of the genetic resources and unique characteristics of these locally developed breeds is of prerequisite importance to the livelihood of pastoralists and food security in Somalia.

The study recommends establishing artificial insemination centers in all region were dominate with cattle husbandry to produce hybrids that combine the hardiness of local cattle breeds those have desirable productivity characteristics. Additionally, development international collaboration Such as agencies those have skilled in livestock biotechnology and also ability to enhance the effectiveness of breeding programs of cattle. Also make Improve management practices, including the rotational grazing and the development of water resources for rural areas, together with training for pastoralists and agro-pastoralists on modern husbandry techniques, are also essential.

NEP-2020 Awareness among Teachers: A Study of Knowledge, Perceptions and Challenges

Heena — 2024-12-21

New Education Policy 2020 has been announced by honorable Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi Ji to make India a knowledgeable vibrant country which is a current need of 21st century. The policy aims to promote the role of teachers in Indian society and culture and to develop fundamental skills in students as well as social, ethical, emotional and critical thinking skills in all students. However, there is no sufficient implementation of NEP -2020 yet. This study was conducted to explore the knowledge of teachers about NEP-2020. It was a questionnaire based study consisting of 10 questions. All data were analyzed in MS-Excel, SPSS. A significant proportion of teachers (68%) have foundational knowledge of current educational policy, indicating a basic knowledge that is essential for effective implementation. However, 52% of teachers were not aware about the role of NEP in higher education system, national education schemes. Only 20% of educators express confidence in using these frameworks. Most of the respondents deny to be benefited from National Education Schemes due to lack of awareness, highlighting the critical need for targeted professional development and support. Key gaps in technology integration and policy understanding were identified, highlighting areas where teachers need additional training and resources. Seminars should be organized regularly to keep teachers informed about national programmes and their implementation.

Investigating the Antimicrobial Activity of Derivatives of Benzotriazole

Niranjan Sanjay Chaudhari — 2024-12-21

Benzotriazole derivatives have emerged as a promising class of compounds with significant antimicrobial activity. This review article delves into the diverse antimicrobial properties of benzotriazole derivatives, focusing on their efficacy against various pathogenic microorganisms. We provide a detailed examination of the chemical structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these derivatives, highlighting how modifications to the benzotriazole core influence their antimicrobial potency. The review synthesizes findings from recent studies that explore the mechanisms of action, spectrum of activity, and potential applications of benzotriazole derivatives in combating bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and future directions in optimizing these compounds for clinical use, including issues related to toxicity, stability, and formulation. By consolidating current research and identifying key trends, this article aims to offer a comprehensive resource for researchers and pharmaceutical developers interested in harnessing the antimicrobial potential of benzotriazole derivatives.

Non-Linear λ-Jordan Triple Derivation on Prime Algebras

Ahmad Ramin Rahnaward — 2024-11-12

Let A be a prime ∗−algebra and Φ a λ−Jordan triple deriva- tion on A, that is, for every A, B, C ∈ A, Φ(A ⋄ B) = Φ(A) ⋄ B + A ⋄ Φ(B) wher A ⋄_λ B = AB^∗ + λBA such that a real scalar |λ| ̸= 0, 1, and Φ is addi- tive. moreover, if Φ(I) and Φ(il) are selfadjiont then Φ is a ∗−derivation

A Review on Phytochemical and Ethano Pharmacology of Mallotus Philippnensis

Vaishnavi Tripathi — 2024-10-31

Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) M Arg is a threatened plant species in the central ecoregion. It is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family. Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. (Family: Euphorbiaceae) is a significant perennial plant utilised in traditional medicine. It is primarily prevalent in the tropical and subtropical climates globally. Despite its herbal origin, it is classified within one of the eight Sadharana rasa categories [Glands and hairs of Mallotus philippinensis (Kampillaka), Arsenic (Somala), Ammonium Chloride (Navasagara), Cowri (Kaparda), Amber (Agnijaara), Red Oxide of Mercury (Girisindoora), Cinnabar (Hingula), Litharge (Muddaarashringa)] in Rasa-shastra, the Ayurvedic study of minerals and metals. M. philippinensis is included within Virecana ghana, a group of medicinal plants or items utilised in purgation therapy in Ayurvedic medicine. Primarily, roots, fruits (including fruit powder), and leaves are utilised for therapeutic applications. The leaves possess a bitter flavour and exhibit a cooling, appetising quality. The glands and hairs of the fruit and leaves are advised for cutaneous issues. To date, research investigations have been conducted to validate and examine the pharmacological properties of M. philippinensis. This document aims to summarise the distribution, morphology, Ayurvedic and traditional applications, and scientific research about M. philippinensis. Researchers have empirically demonstrated the antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-leukemic, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, anti-filarial, analgesic, hypnotic, antiproliferative, antifertility, purgative, anthelmintic, and antiallergic activities of various parts of M. philippinensis

Digital Twin - An Innovative Strategy in Healthcare Transformation: An Extensive Review

R. Subashini — 2024-12-21

In an age where the physical and digital worlds progressively intersect, the concept of the digital twin has aroused as a transformative force across various industries. Digital twins are dynamic digital imitations of physical objects; systems are procedures that can be used to simulate, analyse, and optimize their real-world analogue. In the health care field, a lot of work has gone into establishing digital twin of patient and medical devices. The digital twin of the patient is created by digitising the patient’s physical traits and bodily alterations. Real-world utilization of this technology includes accurate maintenance, advanced operational efficiency, and support for well-informed decision-making, all of which are trans-formative. The digital twin revolution is changing how healthcare professionals approach patient care, treatment planning, and facility administration. Digital twins provide instantaneous monitoring, personalized therapy, and predictive analytics by generating dynamic virtual replicas of patients, medical equipment, and healthcare systems. By offering insights on energy use, material consumption, and other vital variables, digital twin facilitates improved resource management and boosts businesses by cutting costs and waste. Digital twins are positioned to play a vital role in modern healthcare, inciting innovation and efficiency throughout the sector as technology advances. We focused on applications and development of digital twin in healthcare sector by analyzing a large number of studies from distinct medical sector, the effectiveness of digital twin in imaging studies and diagnosis, cancer, cardiology, neurology has been discussed in this review.

Development of Inhalable Drugs

Aditya D. Surushe — 2024-12-26

Inhalable drug delivery systems have garnered significant interest in recent years due to their potential to provide targeted and efficient treatment for a wide range of respiratory and systemic diseases. This review provides an extensive overview of the types of inhalable drugs, their formulation challenges, delivery mechanisms, and the devices used for administration. It discusses physiological barriers, regulatory considerations, and the development of novel delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, smart polymers, and biologics. The article also examines the future directions of inhalable drug delivery, with a focus on personalized medicine, digital health, and advances in gene and cell therapies.

Transdermal Patches: Design and Current Approaches Using Natural Polymers

Aman Kumar — 2024-11-25

One method of controlled drug delivery is the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS), which aims to distribute the drug through the skin at a predetermined and regulated rate. It provides a number of benefits, including a longer therapeutic impact, fewer side effects, increased bioavailability, better patient compliance, and simple medication therapy discontinuation. For most compounds, the stratum corneum is thought to be the rate limiting barrier in transdermal penetration. The appendageal, transcellular, and intercellular pathways are the three main ways that drugs can enter the body. When giving medication by this route, it is important to take into account the following aspects: skin age, condition, physicochemical characteristics, and environmental conditions. Polymer matrix, membrane, drug, penetration enhancers, pressure-sensitive adhesives, backing laminates, release liner, etc. are some of the fundamental parts of TDDS. Transdermal patches are used to deliver active chemicals to the circulatory system through the skin. These patches can be classified into a variety of systems, such as reservoir, matrix, and micro-reservoir systems. Consistent methodologies are used to assess the adhesion qualities, physicochemical properties, in vitro drug release studies, in vitro skin penetration studies, skin irritation studies, and stability studies once transdermal patches have been prepared. Different medications are marketed as transdermal patches, depending on the length of the therapy. Natural polymers can be used as the means of achieving predetermined rates of drug delivery. Natural polymers are basically polysaccharides so they are biocompatible and without any side effects. Gums, mucilages, resins and plant extracts are widely used natural materials for conventional and novel dosage forms. The present article highlights the available information on natural polymers and their versatile use.

Review on Various Type of Vaccines for Controlling Infectious Disease

Anamika — 2024-11-25

Background: Vaccines have played a critical role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, greatly lowering worldwide morbidity and mortality. This review examines many forms of vaccinations. In contrast, inactivated vaccines, such as the polio vaccine, are safer for immunocompromised people, they frequently require booster shots. Aim: This review emphasises the importance of vaccinations in public health and the need for innovation to tackle future infectious disease threats. The introduction of new pathogens has prompted the creation of novel vaccination platforms, including mRNA and viral vector vaccines. mRNA vaccines, such as those used to treat COVID-19, use genetic instructions to direct cells to manufacture antigens, resulting in strong immunity. Conclusion: These vaccines have demonstrated excellent efficacy and rapid scaling, making them valuable instruments in pandemics. This review emphasises the necessity of designing vaccine methods that meet individual illnesses, demographics, and logistical obstacles. While vaccinations have considerably reduced the occurrence of infectious diseases, more research is needed to address future threats, improve vaccine efficacy, and overcome obstacles such as vaccine reluctance and global inequities. Understanding the capabilities and limits of each vaccine type will help researchers and policymakers better equip healthcare systems to address current and future infectious disease concerns.

Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy): A Review of the Various Pharmacological Pathways of a Highly Potential Medicinal Ayurveda Plant

Amartya Kumar Bhardwaj — 2024-11-25

Tinospora cordifolia, often known as "Amrita" or "Guduchi," is a medication that played a significant role in Indian systems of medicine (ISM) and has been utilised in the treatment of many ailments since the beginning of time. The term "guduchi" comes from the Sanskrit language and translates to "which protects the body from diseases." There is another name for this herb, and that name is "Amrita," which is a reference to the celestial elixir that is described in Hindu mythology. The medication is a well-known Indian bitter that is used for a variety of conditions, including fevers, diabetes, dyspepsia, jaundice, urinary issues, skin illnesses, and frequent diarrhoea and dysentery. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, leprosy, helminthiasis, and rheumatoid arthritis syndrome. In addition to being a significant medicine, it is utilised in a variety of preparations, including Satva, Ghrita, Tail, Swarasa, and all of these. An examination of the Charaka Samhita, the Sushruta Samhita, the Ashtanga Hridaya, the Ashtanga Sangraha, the Bhavprakash Nighantu, the Raj Nighantu, the Dhanvantari Nighantu, the Shaligrama Nighantu, the Priya Nighantu, the Kaiydev Nighantu, the Madanpal Nighantu, and the Shodhal Nighantu, as well as the internet and contemporary medical literature, have all been examined for this review article. There was a widespread recognition that the Tinospora cordifolia plant possessed high degrees of medicinal, therapeutic, curative, healing, and alleviating properties. By virtue of its anti-toxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and anti-oxidant qualities, guduchi possesses a significant potential for therapeutic application. Moreover, there is no evidence to suggest that Guduchi contains any hazardous substances or has any adverse effects, which further demonstrates that it is safe to use. Concluding remarks: The medicinal characteristics of the plant Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) have been confirmed by the studies that were presented in this review. These studies focus on the therapeutic and safety features of the herb, and they demonstrate that it can prevent a variety of diseases or abnormalities by naturally boosting immunity in human bodies.

Artificial Intelligence in Skin Cancer: A Literature Review from Diagnosis to Prevention and Beyond

Khaled Khalifa Said — 2024-11-27

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine is quickly expanding, offering significant potential benefits in diagnosis and prognostication. While concerns may exist regarding its implementation, it is important for dermatologists and dermatopathologists to collaborate with technical specialists to embrace AI as a tool for enhancing medical decision-making and improving healthcare accessibility. This is particularly relevant in melanocytic neoplasms, which continue to present challenges despite years of experience. Dermatology, with its extensive medical data and images, provides an ideal field for training AI algorithms to enhance patient care. Collaborative efforts between medical professionals and technical specialists are crucial in harnessing the power of AI while ensuring it complements and enhances the existing healthcare framework. By staying informed about AI concepts and ongoing research, dermatologists can remain at the forefront of this emerging field and leverage its potential to improve patient outcomes. In conclusion, AI holds great promise in dermatology, especially in the management and analysis of Skin cancer (SC). In this review we strive to introduce the concepts of AI and its association with dermatology, providing an overview of recent studies in the field, such as existing applications and future potential in dermatology.

Advanced SQL Query Techniques for Data Analysis in Healthcare

Sai Krishna Shiramshetty — 2023-08-31

The experts in complex healthcare databases have acknowledged the need for advanced SQL query skills as more significant and diverse datasets grow in the modern healthcare environment. In this paper, core SQL methods including joins, subqueries, and window functions are explained and used for demonstrating the following practical use cases: predictive analytics, cohort analysis, and operational improvement. Several aspects of how SQL works with current and future technologies including, Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, Big Data Solutions are also discussed. Optimizing health care data analysis requires the resolution of issues including date synthesis, security and performance; nevertheless, SQL continues to play a pivotal role in enhancing the analysis of health care data thus leading to improved management and patient care.

Review on Immunological Perspectives and Therapeutic Management Strategies for COVID-19

Rushikesh K. Kakde — 2024-11-27

The global spread of COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 has posed unique challenges to public health. This review was carried out from the perspective of immunological and pathological changes affecting epidemiological features of the disease during progression and therapy. COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system but may also affect cardiovascular and neurological systems, manifesting various symptoms from fever and cough to such severe complications as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and organ failure. Patterns in immune responses involving decreases in peripheral T cells and natural killer cells have been recognized as being part of a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. Finally, it discusses the dynamic of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, including droplet mode spread and possible fecal-oral pathway. The virus's structural and pathological attributes are emphasized, complemented by a historical overview that chronicles its transformation from a non-threatening variant to a worldwide hazard. Various management approaches, encompassing traditional Indian medicinal practices and immune-enhancing measures such as zinc, iron, magnesium, vitamins, and herbal treatments, are assessed regarding their effectiveness in bolstering immunity and facilitating recovery. Additionally, lifestyle habits such as physical activity, sufficient rest, and proper hydration contribute to the maintenance of immune health. This extended review presents analyses of SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of immune alteration and a unified approach toward the understanding and combat of COVID-19.

Integrative Approaches to Climate Change, Urban Expansion, and Sustainable Development: A Global and Interdisciplinary Review

Farham Ahmed — 2024-11-09

This review paper synthesizes findings on the intersection of climate change, urban expansion, demographic transitions, and sustainable development. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this work examines case studies from diverse geographies to explore how rapid urbanization, environmental stress, and technological innovations impact global ecosystems. Our review covers climate-induced migration, land-use changes, groundwater depletion, and sustainable development practices, advocating for integrated policy solutions that align with ecological preservation and social resilience. The findings underscore the need for innovative urban planning, predictive modeling, and community-driven conservation to address complex global challenges.

Cascabela thevetia Ethnobotanical, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Medicinal Uses: A Detailed Study

Prakash Pralhad Sarwade — 2024-11-16

There are a few different names for the member of the Apocynaceae family known as Cascabela thevetia. Some of these names include digoxin, lucky nut, and yellow oleander. The lovely and evergreen Cascabela thevetia is a dicotyledonous shrub that is known for its evergreen nature. There are a number of countries in Central and South America, as well as a number of Asian nations, where the Cascabela thevetia plant is indigenous. These countries include India and Sri Lanka. The Cascabela thevetia plant has been found to have a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and cardiac glycosides. These plants include a number of cardiac glycosides, including neriifolin, thevetin A, thevetin B, and oleandrin, and each and every one of them is dangerous. The leaves of the plant are used in traditional medicine not just for their alleged medicinal benefits, but also for their diuretic and cardiotonic effects. The pharmacological activity of a number of plant components, including seeds, flowers, bark, fruits, and leaves, has been reported in a number of different experiments. It is common for T. peruviana to be the cause of toxicological emergencies in tropical and subtropical climates all over the world. Numerous cardiac glycosides, including neriifolin, oleandrin, thevetin A, and thevetin B, are discovered in this potentially hazardous plant. These glycosides are only a few examples. After consuming oleander, some of the symptoms that may manifest themselves include hyperkalaemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. Oliander can also cause diarrhoea. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive data collection that includes information on morphology, cultivation and propagation, distribution, phytochemistry, traditional uses, and pharmacological qualities.

Innovative and Biodegradable Sanitary Napkins with Focus on Affordability and Environmental Impact

Shivani P. Chavan — 2024-11-19

The awareness people have towards the environment pollution resulting from the use of the normal sanitary napkins has encouraged production of eco-friendly napkins. Modern ones are largely plastic-wired sanitary napkins constructed with superabsorbent polymers as their major components, which take roughly 500 years to degrade. This presents a major environmental concern, seeing that each woman will use about 11,000 pads in their lifetime and these are bound to a landfill. As a remedy the sanitary napkins that are biodegradable has been developed using banana fiber, bamboo, and polylactic acid derived from cornstarch. The current paper seeks to establish the possibility to use these environmentally friendly products with special emphasis on the cost issues and the impact they would have on the environment. Low cost, high biodegradability, high absorbency, high tensile strength, and possibility for banana fiber in the development region are pointed out. The outcome in terms of banana fiber sheets production as well as their incorporation into Sanitary Napkin were encouraging in respect of absorbency, antibacterial activity and biodegradability. The tests proved that the new biodegradable napkins disintegrate much more quickly than current plastic-based products, in a matter of months, contrary to the centuries that it would take for plastic pads to decompose. This is the reason why current biodegradable napkin products cost more than conventional napkin products as production price is still relatively high; however, measures of procuring locally and constantly improving material processing to manage the cost down are in the works. This research adds for the possibility of biodegradable sanitary napkin to reduce environmental degradation, through the alternative provision of safe and affordable, hygienic menstrual solutions where there are few to non-existent. Such products if further developed and marketed on large scale could be made available and sustainable for people all over the world.

Role of Pyrimidine Derivatives in the Treatment of Cancer

Prakash Pralhad Sarwade — 2024-11-12

The study of the chemistry of pyrimidines is contributing to the expansion of research into the therapeutic applications of these compounds. In the field of medicinal chemistry, the sheer number of pyrimidine synthesis methods and reactions that are available opens up a world of possibilities. These investigations have been inspired by the fact that pyrimidines can be used as building blocks for a wide variety of compounds that have a physiological effect. The pyrimidine ring and its fused derivatives, which include pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine, quinazoline, and furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, have garnered a great deal of attention due to the extensive variety of biological potential that they possess. In addition, fused pyrimidines are considered to be bioisosteres with purines. As a consequence of this, numerous substances, such as pyrimidine and derivatives of fused pyrimidine, have demonstrated promising anticancer potential. Pyrimidine compounds have been shown to possess a number of beneficial qualities, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and analgesic effects. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the anticancer significance of certain fused pyrimidine derivatives and privileged pyrimidines through the use of various types of inhibition. Additionally, the study reveals structure-activity relationships and provides specifics regarding the synthetic compounds that were utilized in the construction of these scaffolds. The hope is that this research will assist medicinal chemists in the development of highly selective pyrimidine anticancer agents. The focus of this review article is on recent research on synthetic pyrimidine compounds that have anticancer effects. Additionally, the paper examines the chemistry and biological activities of pyrimidines.

Adversarial Machine Learning Approaches for Strengthening Cybersecurity in Intrusion Detection Systems

Rahul Gandhi — 2023-10-31

In this study, adversarial machine learning to enhance IDS’s capability to counterattack sophisticated cyberattacks employed in the investigation. This paper describes challenges in practice of adversarial techniques, performance measurement and ethical issues. In the research proposal, the authors describe the comprehensive and multi-level method of detecting artifacts, building complex models, and gathering data. Researchers stressed important conclusions regarding aggressiveness of privacy-preserving methods, the need for developing new performance metrics, and the tension between robust model and detection performance. The research assists in developing IDS that are both efficient and formally correct in various contexts of a network.

Real-Time Data Pipelines for Feature Stores in Gaming

Robin Gupta — 2023-10-31

Machine learning models are used in content creation and generate real-time observations in gaming with a positive effect on both performance and production processes. However, the management and deployment of these features and metrics for the purposes of these benefits are critical. Looking at feature and metric stores data structures that are used for storing and retrieving feature and metric data for machine learning models. Feature stores are responsible for featuring storage and delivery for model training and features needed for model’s inferencing, whereas metric stores contain metrics required for the assessment of specific models. The adoption of these stores can drastically bring down the amount of development time and effort as well as enhance the aptitude of recognizing real time actions and quality of the game. It is therefore prudent and helpful for the reader to learn the basic concepts that underpin feature and metric store, the ways in which gaming application benefits from them, and the possible ways in which this technology can be developed further in the future.

Machine Learning on Encrypted Data: Analyzing Efficiency and Accuracy Trade-Offs

Kavitha Kumari — 2023-08-31

In this modern era, phishing has become a great problem. Because of this, it can be observed that the personal information of people is leaked from emails & websites. Hence, it is needed that these instances of phishing are to be reduced. In doing one of the best tools that can be used is Machine Learning. This is a process of using historical data for making prediction of future scenarios. In this project, the details of the approached that can be used for the detection of phishing are analyzed. Moreover, the algorithms that are used by ML for this purpose are also envisaged here. The description of the process of collection of data is presented here. In addition to this, the results that shows the effectiveness of ML in the detection of phishing is also discussed here.

Federated Learning in Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning: Balancing Model Accuracy and Data Security

Rajeev Agarwal — 2023-08-31

This research article provides information regarding the concerns of Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning (PPML) Techniques that includes Differential Privacy, Federated Learning, and Secure Multi-Party Computation. It is also noticed that Privacy Models are useful to achieve significant privacy and minimal loss in model accuracy. This further demonstrates that these kinds of strategies in the main application areas such as Healthcare, Banking, Internet-Of-Things (IOT), and Manufacturing, provides near-perfect privacy that can be useful while it meets minimal compromise in model accuracy. Some of the findings are enhanced data security, high accuracy of the chosen model, and ideas for future development.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Diagnosis, Pathology, Clinical Presentation and Homoeopathic Management

Praveen Kumar Pathak — 2024-10-31

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a very common problem worldwide now a day. COPD is preventable and treatable disease it is characterized by constant airflow limitation that is generally progressive and connected with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases. Exacerbations and comorbidities contribute to the generally severity in individual patients of COPD. It remains a most important reason of morbidity and mortality globally and outcome in an economic and social burden that is both substantial and increasing.

The Impact of Pesticides on Groundwater Quality

Sumaya Assanousi Eshtiwi Lama — 2022-04-30

Pesticides have gotten to be exceptionally advantageous to agriculturists and to other individuals around the world as they can increment edit surrender and can give a number of other benefits or focal points to everybody straightforwardly or in a roundabout way. But due to dangers forced by the pesticides on environment and human wellbeing; concerns are raised around its security. The utilize of pesticides is causing genuine wellbeing impacts. Indeed at less concentration, pesticides are a major risk to environment. The pesticides are sullying water bodies and are causing water contamination. Be that as it may, the dangers of pesticides can't be dispensed with totally but they can outwit in another way. Able to minimize the hurtful or unfavorable impacts of pesticides by different ways like by applying elective trimming methods or through superior splashing equipment's.

Detailing of secure, way better and eco-friendly pesticides can reduce the unfavorable impacts related to utilize of pesticides. The chance of pesticides can be diminished in the event that we utilize pesticides in reasonable sum and utilize them as it were when essential or required.

Numerous individuals or agriculturists are not mindful of the harmfulness or destructive impacts of pesticides. They do not have any data related to sort of pesticides, their dangers, level of harming and preparatory measures they ought to take some time recently utilize them. Since of these things, tireless or poisonous chemicals are utilized to murder bugs, weeds or for other use which can cause purposefulness or inadvertent introduction. To play down the utilize of harmful pesticides, it is fundamental to make mindfulness among individuals.