Challenges in Influenza Control and Surveillance in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Mukhlis Hujatullah; N. G. Klivleyeva; Neyazi Ghulam Rabani; T. I. Glebova; Khaidarov Saken; Kakimova Ardak Bolatovna

doi:10.55544/jrasb.3.5.17

Authors

Mukhlis Hujatullah Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Zabul University, Zabul, AFGHANISTAN. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1674-2919
N. G. Klivleyeva Head of the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Viruses, Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology (RPCMV), Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN.
Neyazi Ghulam Rabani Associate Professor, Badakhshan University, AFGHANISTAN.
T. I. Glebova LLP Scientific Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN.
Khaidarov Saken Associate Professor, Kazakh National University, KAZAKHSTAN.
Kakimova Ardak Bolatovna Associate Professor, Kazakh National University, KAZAKHSTAN.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.5.17

Keywords:

Influenza, COVID-19, Kazakhstan, surveillance, public health, vaccination, zoonotic infections, epidemiology, Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network, public awareness, health infrastructure

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the circulation of influenza viruses in Kazakhstan, highlighting the vulnerabilities in the country’s public health infrastructure. This review critically examines the challenges faced in infiltrating and controlling influenza in Kazakhstan, particularly in light of the shifting epidemiological landscape post-pandemic. Key issues include the decline in influenza cases during the pandemic, which complicates the assessment of influenza epidemiology, vaccine effectiveness, and planning of vaccination campaigns. Although part of the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN), Kazakhstan's surveillance systems face data collection, coordination, and public awareness gaps. The review discusses the prevalence of various influenza strains, the impact of zoonotic infections, and the necessity for improved monitoring frameworks. Additionally, the historical context of infectious disease control in Kazakhstan is explored, emphasising the need for enhanced international collaboration and targeted public health strategies. The findings underscore the importance of vaccination and robust surveillance to mitigate the risks of seasonal and pandemic influenza, advocating for a comprehensive approach to safeguard public health in Kazakhstan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Ashraf, M. A., Raza, M. A., & Amjad, M. N. (2024). Extinction of influenza B Yamagata: Its impact on public health and vaccine implications. Journal of Biomedical Research, In press. https://doi.org/10.7555/JBR.38.20240158.

Caini, S., Meijer, A., Nunes, M. C., Henaff, L., Zounon, M., Boudewijns, B., ... & Paget, J. (2024). Probable extinction of influenza B/Yamagata and its public health implications: a systematic literature review and assessment of global surveillance databases: the Lancet Microbe, 5(8), 100851. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00066-1:contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}:contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}.

Asplin P, Mancy R, Finnie T, Cumming F, Keeling MJ, Hill EM. 2024 Symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens of public health concern: a review of the evidence. J. R. Soc. Interface 21: 20240009. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2024.0009

Petersen, E., Memish, Z. A., Hui, D. S., Scagliarini, A., Simonsen, L., Simulundu, E., ... & Zumla, A. (2024). Avian ‘Bird’ Flu–undue media panic or genuine concern for pandemic potential requiring global preparedness action? International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 145, 107062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107062.

Morens, D. M., Park, J., & Taubenberger, J. K. (2023). There are many potential pathways to future pandemic influenza. Science Translational Medicine, 15(718), eadj2379. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00234-2

Chen, Y., Tang, F., Cao, Z., Zeng, J., Qiu, Z., Zhang, C., ... & Du, X. (2024). Global pattern and determinant for the interaction of seasonal influenza viruses. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 17(6), 1086-1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2024.04.024

Cohen, L. E., Hansen, C. L., Andrew, M. K., McNeil, S. A., Vanhems, P., Kyncl, J., ... & Chaves, S. S. (2024). Predictors of severity of influenza-related hospitalisations: Results from the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN). The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 229(4), 999-1009. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad303

Akano, A., Sadauki, A. H., Adelabu, A. M., Malgwi, A., Fagbola, M., Ogunbode, O., ... & Adetifa, I. (2024). Epidemiology of influenza in Nigeria: A secondary analysis of the sentinel surveillance data in Nigeria from 2010–2020. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 17(3), 495-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2023.12.021

Del Riccio, M., Caini, S., Bonaccorsi, G., Lorini, C., Paget, J., van der Velden, K., ... & Zanobini, P. (2024). Global analysis of respiratory viral circulation and timing of epidemics in the pre–COVID–19 and COVID-19 pandemic eras, based on data from the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS). International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 144, 107052. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107052.

Lukmanova, G., Klivleyeva, N., Glebova, T., Ongarbayeva, N., Shamenova, M., Saktaganov, N., ... & Mustafin, M. (2024). Influenza A virus surveillance in domestic pigs in Kazakhstan 2018-2021. Ciência Rural, 54(10), e20230403. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230403

Glebova, T. I., Klivleyeva, N. G., Saktaganov, N. T., Shamenova, M. G., Lukmanova, G. V., Baimukhametova, A. M., ... & Ilicheva, A. K. (2024). Circulation of influenza viruses in the dog population in Kazakhstan (2023–2024). Open Veterinary Journal, 14(8), 1896. https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.1896

Kokebayeva, G., Shildebai, S., & Smanova, A. (2024). Infectious Disease Epidemics in Kazakhstan in the 1900-1930s and Their Impact on Healthcare Development. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 32(2). DOI: 10.47836/pjssh.32.2.17.

Sandybayev, N., Beloussov, V., Strochkov, V., Solomadin, M., Granica, J., & Yegorov, S. (2024). Metagenomic profiling of nasopharyngeal samples from adults with acute respiratory infection. Royal Society Open Science, 11(7), 240108. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240108:contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}.

Kovács, G., Kaló, Z., Jahnz-Rozyk, K., Kyncl, J., Csohan, A., Pistol, A., Leleka, M., Kipshakbaev, R., Durand, L., & Macabeo, B. (2014). Medical and economic burden of influenza in the elderly population in central and eastern European countries. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 10(2), 428-440. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.26886

Meerhoff, T. J., Simaku, A., Ulqinaku, D., Torosyan, L., Gribkova, N., Shimanovich, V., & Gross, D. (2015). Surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in hospitals in the WHO European region—an exploratory analysis of risk factors for a severe outcome in influenza-positive SARI cases. BMC Infectious Diseases, 15, 1-12. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1393-1

Baselga-Moreno, V., Trushakova, S., McNeil, S., Sominina, A., Nunes, M. C., Draganescu, A., ... & Díez-Domingo, J. (2019). Influenza epidemiology and influenza vaccine effectiveness during the 2016–2017 season in the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN). BMC Public Health, 19, 487. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6834-5

Sarsenbayeva, G., Issagulov, T., Kassenov, M., Abitay, R., Orynbayev, M., Stukova, M., ... & Khairullin, B. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in adults 60 years of age and older: a phase II, a randomized, comparative trial in Kazakhstan. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(8), 1791-1797. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1705691

Adlhoch, C., Sneiderman, M., Martinuka, O., Melidou, A., Bundle, N., Fielding, J., Olsen, S. J., Penttinen, P., Pastore, L., & Pebody, R. (2021). Spotlight influenza: The 2019/20 influenza season and the impact of COVID-19 on influenza surveillance in the WHO European Region. Eurosurveillance, 26(40), 2100077. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.40.2100077

Sharman A. A New Paradigm of Primary Health Care in Kazakhstan: Personalized, Community-based, Standardized, and Technology-driven. Cent Asian J Glob Health. 2014 Sep 29;3(1):186. doi: 10.5195/cajgh.2014.186. PMID: 29755891; PMCID: PMC5927735.

Saunders-Hastings, P.R., & Krewski, D. (2016). Reviewing the history of pandemic influenza: Understanding patterns of emergence and transmission. Pathogens, 5(4), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens5040066

Mi, J., Wang, J., Chen, L., Guo, Z., Lei, H., Chong, M. K., ... & Zhao, S. (2024). Real-world effectiveness of influenza vaccine against medical-attended influenza infection during the 2023/24 season in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, China: A test-negative, case-control study. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 20(1), 2394255. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2024.2394255

Shi, H., & Ross, T. M. (2024). Inactivated recombinant influenza vaccine: the promising direction for the next generation of influenza vaccine. Expert Review of Vaccines, 23(1), 409-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2024.2333338

Klivleyeva, N.; Ongarbayeva, N.; Glebova, T.; Lukmanova, G.; Saktaganov, N.; Webby, R. 24- Influenza A Viruses in Swine Population – a Scientific Review. Preprints 2024, 2024100234. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0234.v1

Yin, Z., Dong, Y., Wang, Q. et al. Spatial-temporal evolution patterns of influenza incidence in Xinjiang Prefecture from 2014 to 2023 based on GIS. Sci Rep 14, 21496 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72618-2

Klivleyeva, N. G., Ongarbayeva, N. S., Saktaganov, N. T., Glebova, T. I., Lukmanova, G. V., Kh, S. M., & Webby, R. J. (2019). Circulation of influenza viruses among humans and swine in the territory of Kazakhstan during 2017–2018. Научный журнал «Вестник НАН РК», (2), 6-13 https://doi.org/10.32014/2019.2518-1467.35.

Ismagulova, D. I., Baimukhametova, A. M., Baiseiit, S. B., Glebova, T. I., Klivleyeva, N. G., Saktaganov, N. T., & Shamenova, M. G. (2023). Study of features of influenza virus circulation in the southern region of Kazakhstan during the 2021 epidemic season. International Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 16(2), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.26577/IJBCh2023v16i2a3

Rejmanek, D., Hosseini, P. R., Mazet, J. A., Daszak, P., & Goldstein, T. (2015). Evolutionary dynamics and global diversity of influenza A virus. Journal of Virology, 89(21), 10993-11001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01573-15

Chervyakova, O. V., Strochkov, V. M., Sultankulova, K. T., Sandybayev, N. T., Zaitsev, V. L., & Mamadaliyev, S. M. (2011). Molecular and genetic analysis of NS gene from high pathogenic strains of the avian influenza (H5N1) virus isolated in Kazakhstan. Gene, 476(1-2), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2011.02.003

Amirgazin A, Shevtsov A, Karibayev T, Berdikulov M, Kozhakhmetova T, Syzdykova L, Ramankulov Y, Shustov AV. 2022. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the A/H5N8 subtype, clade 2.3.4.4b, caused outbreaks in Kazakhstan in 2020. Peer J 10:e13038 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13038

Tabynov, K., Kydyrbayev, Z., Sansyzbay, A. et al. Immunogenic and protective properties of the first kazakhstan vaccine against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 in Ferrets. Virol. Sin. 27, 344–351 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12250-012-3272-7