Angiogenesis and Vascular Repair in Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most dangerous medical illnesses that can be caused by acute kidney injury (AKI), which is characterised by the sudden cessation of normal kidney function. This condition can also lead to other major complications. Abnormalities of the endothelium, inflammation, and oxidative stress are all factors that contribute to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI), which primarily impacts the vasculature of the kidneys. Renal regeneration is dependent on angiogenesis and vascular repair pathways, which include hypoxia-inducible pathways, vascular endothelial growth factor signalling, and the activation of endothelial progenitor cells. These pathways are essential for the regeneration of the human kidney. Angiogenesis that is not properly regulated can, unfortunately, hasten the onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can then result in maladaptive repair and fibrosis. In acute kidney injury (AKI), there is an immediate need for novel therapeutic approaches that focus on the molecular mechanisms of vascular repair in order to enhance regeneration while simultaneously reducing pathological remodelling. The purpose of this study is to discuss the function of angiogenesis and vascular repair in acute kidney injury (AKI), as well as to highlight potential treatment methods that could improve renal outcomes.