Acyclovir Cream: A Compressive Review of Development, Characterization and Therapeutic Efficacy

Dheeraj Kumar; Vandana Sahani; Shivanand Patil

doi:10.55544/jrasb.4.1.3

Authors

Dheeraj Kumar Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science and Technology (SDBIT), Dehradun, INDIA.
Vandana Sahani Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science and Technology (SDBIT), Dehradun, INDIA.
Shivanand Patil Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science and Technology (SDBIT), Dehradun, INDIA.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.4.1.3

Keywords:

Acyclovir antiviral, Acyclovir topical, Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Cold sores

Abstract

Acyclovir cream is a widely utilized topical antiviral agent for the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, including cold sores and genital herpes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the development, formulation, characterization, and therapeutic efficacy of acyclovir cream. The evolution of acyclovir formulations, from oral to topical applications, is discussed, highlighting advancements in drug delivery systems to enhance bioavailability and skin penetration. Key factors influencing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of acyclovir cream are reviewed, including the role of excipients, the mechanism of action, and the influence of formulation characteristics such as viscosity, pH, and stability. Furthermore, therapeutic outcomes from clinical studies are summarized, demonstrating the efficacy of acyclovir cream in reducing lesion size, pain, and healing time in HSV-infected patients. Finally, challenges such as patient adherence, resistance, and the need for further improvements in formulation for enhanced therapeutic effect are addressed. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the current status and future directions for acyclovir cream as a primary treatment for localized HSV infections.

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