Environmental Change's Impact on Wildlife Health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.1.1.4Keywords:
environmental, disease, immunological suppression, teratogenicity, wildlifeAbstract
Effects include not just endocrine disruption measurements and changes, but also impairments that might lead to illness or increase the risk of developing a disease, immunological suppression, teratogenicity, and non-toxic consequences. Organisms will endeavour to stay healthy by resolving and comprehending situations such as invading cell replication or pathogens. However, rapid changes in health and immunocompetence care, which may influence people's endurance and viability, may be stressful. We investigate the impacts of susceptibility on immunocompetence in the context of defining a system's pricing, as well as a changing environment and survival. We deal with the numbers that may be affected by the change in animal health and identify any parameter shortages that may occur.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Aguirre, A. A., & Tabor, G. M. (2008). Global Factors Driving Emerging Infectious Diseases. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1149(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1428.052
Ankley, G. T., Diamond, S. A., Tietge, J. E., Holcombe, G. W., Jensen, K. M., DeFoe, D. L., & Peterson, R. (2002). Assessment of the Risk of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation to Amphibians. I. Dose-Dependent Induction of Hindlimb Malformations in the Northern Leopard Frog ( Rana pipiens ). Environmental Science & Technology, 36(13), 2853–2858. https://doi.org/10.1021/es011195t
Arlettaz, R., Patthey, P., Baltic, M., Leu, T., Schaub, M., Palme, R., & Jenni-Eiermann, S. (2007). Spreading free-riding snow sports represent a novel serious threat for wildlife. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274(1614), 1219–1224. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0434
Boon, J. P., Lewis, W. E., Tjoen-A-Choy, M. R., Allchin, C. R., Law, R. J., de Boer, J., ten Hallers-Tjabbes, C. C., & Zegers, B. N. (2002). Levels of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in Animals Representing Different Trophic Levels of the North Sea Food Web. Environmental Science & Technology, 36(19), 4025–4032. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0158298
Borghesi, L., & Milcarek, C. (2007). Innate versus Adaptive Immunity: A Paradigm Past Its Prime? Cancer Research, 67(9), 3989–3993. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-0182
Colegrove, K. M., Gullanda, F. M. D., Naydan, D. K., & Lowenstine, L. J. (2009). Tumor Morphology and Immunohistochemical Expression of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, p53, and Ki67 in Urogenital Carcinomas of California Sea Lions ( Zalophus californianus ). Veterinary Pathology, 46(4), 642–655. https://doi.org/10.1354/vp.08-VP-0214-C-FL
Davidson, C., Benard, M. F., Shaffer, H. B., Parker, J. M., O’Leary, C., Conlon, J. M., & Rollins-Smith, L. A. (2007). Effects of Chytrid and Carbaryl Exposure on Survival, Growth and Skin Peptide Defenses in Foothill Yellow-legged Frogs. Environmental Science & Technology, 41(5), 1771–1776. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0611947
Deem, S. L., Karesh, W. B., & Weisman, W. (2008). Putting Theory into Practice: Wildlife Health in Conservation. Conservation Biology, 15(5), 1224–1233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2001.00336.x
Kozliak, E. I., & Paca, J. (2012). Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A. Toxic/hazardous substances and environmental engineering. Foreword. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 47(7), 919–919. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2012.667287
Forson, D. D., & Storfer, A. (2006). Atrazine increases ranavirus susceptibility in the tiger salamander, ambystoma tigrinum. Ecological Applications, 16(6), 2325–2332. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2325:AIRSIT]2.0.CO;2
Gilbertson, M. K., Haffner, G. D., Drouillard, K. G., Albert, A., & Dixon, B. (2003). Immunosuppression in the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) induced by pesticide exposure. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 22(1), 101–110.
Griffin, J. F. T. (1989). Stress and immunity: A unifying concept. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 20(3), 263–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(89)90005-6
Häkkinen, J., Pasanen, S., & Kukkonen, J. V. K. (2001). The effects of solar UV-B radiation on embryonic mortality and development in three boreal anurans (Rana temporaria, Rana arvalis and Bufo bufo). Chemosphere, 44(3), 441–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00295-2
Hall, A. J., Hugunin, K., Deaville, R., Law, R. J., Allchin, C. R., & Jepson, P. D. (2006). The Risk of Infection from Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure in the Harbor Porpoise ( Phocoena phocoena ): A Case–Control Approach. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(5), 704–711. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8222
Jepson, P. D., Bennett, P. M., Deaville, R., Allchin, C. R., Baker, J. R., & Law, R. J. (2005). Relationships between polychlorinated biphenyls and health status in harbor porpoises (phocoena phocoena) stranded in the united kingdom. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 24(1), 238. https://doi.org/10.1897/03-663.1
MacLeod, C. D., Santos, M. B., Reid, R. J., Scott, B. E., & Pierce, G. J. (2007). Linking sandeel consumption and the likelihood of starvation in harbour porpoises in the Scottish North Sea: Could climate change mean more starving porpoises? Biology Letters, 3(2), 185–188. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0588
Tait, A. S., Butts, C. L., & Sternberg, E. M. (2008). The role of glucocorticoids and progestins in inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious disease. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 84(4), 924–931. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0208104
Thomas, C. D., Cameron, A., Green, R. E., Bakkenes, M., Beaumont, L. J., Collingham, Y. C., Erasmus, B. F. N., de Siqueira, M. F., Grainger, A., Hannah, L., Hughes, L., Huntley, B., van Jaarsveld, A. S., Midgley, G. F., Miles, L., Ortega-Huerta, M. A., Townsend Peterson, A., Phillips, O. L., & Williams, S. E. (2004). Extinction risk from climate change. Nature, 427(6970), 145–148.
Ylitalo, G. M., Stein, J. E., Hom, T., Johnson, L. L., Tilbury, K. L., Hall, A. J., Rowles, T., Greig, D., Lowenstine, L. J., & Gulland, F. M. D. (2005). The role of organochlorines in cancer-associated mortality in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.08.005
Zuk, M. (2000). Social environment and immunity in male red jungle fowl. Behavioral Ecology, 11(2), 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/11.2.146
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Sandeep Sanger
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.