Plant & its Bioactive Components Uses in Cardio-Potential Diseases: A Sectional Study for Different Herbs

Roshan Kumar; Prachi Sood; Ravindra Kumar Nirala; Asum Christian; Richard Owusu Nyarko; Eward Amoah Boateng; Francis Asante-Duku; Vincent Kwesi Orlando

doi:10.55544/jrasb.2.5.10

Authors

Roshan Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science and Technology (SDBIT), Dehradun, INDIA.
Prachi Sood Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science and Technology (SDBIT), Dehradun, INDIA.
Ravindra Kumar Nirala Research Scholar, Department of Paramedical (BMRIT), Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science and Technology (SDBIT), Dehradun, INDIA.
Asum Christian College of Medicine, American International University of West Africa, THE GAMBIA.
Richard Owusu Nyarko College of Medicine, American International University of West Africa, THE GAMBIA.
Eward Amoah Boateng Department of Surgery, St. Luke Hospital, Kasei Via Ejura Road, GHANA.
Francis Asante-Duku Dean, School of Development Management and Health Sciences, Ghana Christian University College, Accra, GHANA.
Vincent Kwesi Orlando School of Development Management and Health Sciences, Ghana Christian University College, Accra, GHANA.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.5.10

Keywords:

CVS Disease, ADR, Bioactive compounds, Herbal drugs

Abstract

Thirty percent of all deaths that occur each year can be attributed to heart disease, stroke, and other forms of cardiovascular disease. The World Health Organisation (WHO) predicts that by the year 2030, the annual death toll from cardiovascular diseases will have increased to 22.2 million, up from the present annual total of 17.9 million. Mortality rates tend to go up in populations as they get older. The chance of dying from cardiovascular disease is significantly higher for females (51%) than it is for males (42%). The majority of people treat and prevent cardiovascular disease by using plant-based medications (also known as phytochemicals), either in addition to or in instead of pharmaceuticals that are readily available on the market. In this study, the efficacy of treating cardiovascular illness is evaluated using 92 different plants, including 15 terrestrial plants. A number of different medicinal herbs, including Daucus carota, Nerium oleander, Amaranthus Viridis, Ginkgo biloba, Terminalia arjuna, Picrorhiza kurroa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Tinospora cordifolia, Mucuna pruriens, Hydrocotyle asiatica, Bombax ceiba, and Andrographis paniculate, are utilised to treat cardiovascular disease. There are a variety of active phytochemicals found in these plants, some of which include flavonoids, polyphenols, plant sterols, plant sulphur compounds, and terpenoids. Flavonoids, in general, are known to increase vasodilation by inhibiting the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Plant sterols reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood, which in turn protects against cardiovascular disease. Plant sulphur compounds protect against cardiovascular disease in addition to their role in the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the inhibition of cholesterol formation. The incidence of cardiovascular disease can be reduced by increasing the synthesis of ATP in mitochondria, and terpenoids can diminish atherosclerotic lesion in the aortic valve. Even though several physiologically active compounds with acknowledged biological functions have been found in a wide variety of plants, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease continues to rise, making it imperative that effective CVD prevention and treatment strategies be developed. More research is required to understand both the mechanism and the individual phytochemicals in plants that treat CVD.

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References

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